"When we gaze at a surface that fluctuates not too rapidly in
brightness, there is a sense of flickering, and the same is true
when two surfaces differing in brightness are alternately presented
to our field of view. If now the illumination of the two
surfaces be gradually equalized, the flickering will diminish and
will disappear at equality. This is obvious when we have similar
surfaces as to color illuminated by the same quality of light and
it forms a criterion quite independent of brightness that may be
used in photometry." Ogden Rood
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